Interventional MR Systems Example

Interventional MR Systems Example Interventional MR Systems â€" Essay Example > Abstract IMRI is used mainly in the adult neurosurgical population. These systems are vital in resection control and intra-operative navigation. In this report I present my experience of iMRI systems areas of clinical applications, working concepts and mechanism, merits and demerits. Methodology: I reviewed neurosurgical procedures in which the system was employed in resection control for instance during tumor removal and needle biopsy. The systems hence are vitally reliable in real-time basic resection and safe resection control procedures. IntroductionInterventional Magnetic Resonance systems are systems that use medical imaging principles mainly employed in radiology to view detailed internal structures in the body. The recent trends in the medical field have created robust interest in the use of MR imaging for guidance in radiologic and surgical procedures. The system uses great magnetic fields for alignment of atoms in the internal body structure and conversely for alteration , radio frequency. MR systems enhance the contrast between different soft tissues making it essential in imaging the brain, muscles and the heart. This principle is employed and results obtained compared with other imaging procedures such as the CT or X-rays. The only contrasting feature is MR systems use no ionization radiation. Due to the rising instances of neurological disorders there has been increasing emphasis on neuroradiologists playing a vital role in patients with such. This has led to the development of sophisticated radiologic procedures parallel to endovascular and percutaneous methods to minimize the traditional neurosurgery which is being phased out (Hendee Morgan, 1984,). Magnetic Resonance Imaging or NMRI or MRT through the combination of both hardware and software have made MR imaging a reality. These advances include: various concepts in MR system design, supplementary developments in MR pulsation sequence. In the past patients used to wait for a long time for results moreover, spending set backs faced during the time spend in large closed-bore superconducting systems. This is not the cases anymore due the developments made. With the advancement of pulse sequence express imaging has been made promising on open systems with minimal invasiveness. Comprehension of the varying MR systems needs a clear distinction between image guidance and procedural monitoring. Therefore data disseminated by the MR systems are used to scrutinize therapeutic intervention for instance: surgical or thermal intervention in which the condition of the tumor resection may be erratically monitored and thermal energy dissipated and impacting tissue transitioning are examined respectively. These interventional MR systems need minimal changes to an ideal imaging system; this is because access to the patient is not a necessity during the procedure. In this event application of interventional MR imaging includes the use of radiologists during the operation catheters, e lectrodes, needles and surgeon guided endoscopes. This active intervention leads to the abandonment of conventional diagnostic concepts and traditional procedures (Damadian, 1971). Findings Working mechanism of interventional MR systemsAbout three quarters of the human body is composed mainly of water molecules. Each molecule contains 2 hydrogen nuclei or protons. Therefore when a person is inside the strong magnetic fields composed within the system that is the scanner, magnetic moments become aligned in the field direction. When a transmitter containing radio frequency is turned on periodically it produces an unstable electromagnetic field. Due to resonance frequency, photons are absorbed and thereby flipping the gyrate of the aligned body photons in the body. The resonance of the photons highly depends on the application strength of the magnetic field. After turning the field the energized protons regress to the ideal lower-energy gyrate-down condition. In this way the hydrogen dipole has two spins that is a high and low one, one respectively. At low spin both dipole and magnetic field are oriented parallel to each other and conversely anti-parallel at high gyrate. Energy is therefore released during this rapid low and high gyrate producing photons which are then detected by the scanner as electromagnetic signal which are similar to radio waves. Due to energy conservation the resonance frequency also monitors the frequency of the photons that are released. Photons released are characterized by energy and frequency hence drawing a relationship between field strength and frequency which facilitate the use of nuclear magnetic resonance for imaging (Brown Selmelke, 1999).